Bouling Group Co., Ltd

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2-Methyl-1,3-Propanediol (MPO): A Ground-Level Look

Historical Development

Chemicals rarely enter the world with a splash. 2-Methyl-1,3-Propanediol, or MPO, quietly found its way into laboratories in the late 20th century, driven by folks hunting for alternatives to well-known diols. Research wound its way through trial syntheses, where chemists compared this molecule to its cousins like 1,3-propanediol and neopentyl glycol. Early uses often centered on its potential to produce polyesters and polyurethanes that could match or outperform older, more established compounds. Over the years, industrial interest built up as raw material costs changed and regulatory bodies started putting pressure on manufacturers to seek safer, cleaner options across the chemical supply chain.

Product Overview

MPO plays a role in polymer science as a building block. With two primary alcohol groups and a methyl branch, the molecule brings something unique to plasticizers, resins, and surface coatings. Folks who work in applications requiring a mix of rigidity and flexibility started turning to MPO for its ability to improve chemical and mechanical resistance in finished products. This compound often appeals to formulators looking for help in balancing cost, performance, and regulatory pressure.

Physical & Chemical Properties

In day-to-day production, physical properties drive choice as much as anything else. MPO shows up as a colorless, almost odorless liquid with a boiling point near 210°C and solidifies below -54°C. With a density close to 0.96 g/cm3 at room temperature, storage and transportation do not require special handling protocols reserved for heavier or oddly behaving liquids. This diol is readily soluble in water and many common organic solvents thanks to its two hydroxyl groups. It maintains a balance between viscosity and volatility that helps in mono- and poly-functional formulations.

Technical Specifications & Labeling

Manufacturers typically produce MPO to meet purity targets over 98%. Commonly, specs include water content under 0.5%, acidity below 0.01 meq/g, and a peroxide value near undetectable. Labeling often includes clear hazard communication due to mild but notable skin and eye irritation risks. Safety Data Sheets flag flammability, even though its flash point is a relatively high 113°C. Regulatory labels anchor MPO firmly inside local and global frameworks like REACH and TSCA, helping downstream users manage compliance during blending and product formulation.

Preparation Method

Industries produce MPO by hydrogenating 2-methyl-1,3-propanedial under moderate pressure and nickel or copper catalysts, prioritizing high yield and selectivity. The process requires strict control over temperature and reaction time to suppress byproduct formation and keep purification cost-effective. In recent years, folks started exploring bio-based pathways, using fermentation-derived propanediols as feedstocks. These greener approaches echo larger efforts throughout chemical manufacturing to limit reliance on fossil sources and reduce environmental burdens.

Chemical Reactions & Modifications

MPO’s strength in synthesis comes from its two reactive hydroxyl groups plus the stabilizing influence of its methyl branch. It readily joins with diacids or diisocyanates, leading to polyesters and polyurethanes with improved flexibility and chemical resistance. In surface chemistry, people use MPO-modified resins for coatings that fight abrasion and weathering. Chemists sometimes turn to MPO for esterification and etherification, as its branching reduces sensitivity to excessive crosslinking or crystallization. Epoxidation reactions can graft more complex side chains onto MPO, opening the door to customized performance in specialty polymers.

Synonyms & Product Names

2-Methyl-1,3-Propanediol turns up on packaging and paperwork as MPO, methylpropanediol, or 2MPDO. Some suppliers list it as Dimethyltrimethylene glycol, although this can mislead buyers about its true structure. Regional trademarks might appear on labels, but the chemical backbone—C4H10O2—remains the same no matter which producer supplies it. Cross-referencing CAS numbers makes sorting out synonyms possible in regulatory filings and procurement.

Safety & Operational Standards

Daily work with MPO stays safe if folks stick to established guidelines. Skin contact and inhalation both cause irritation, especially in settings with poor ventilation or careless transfer. Standard PPE—gloves, goggles, lab coats—reduces exposure. Emergency spill kits and proper storage away from oxidizers knock back risk even further. Companies train staff to handle drips, leaks, or exposure with quick response and solid documentation. Fire risk stays low, but static build-up in large tank farms needs attention. National agencies run toxicology screens on MPO and set workplace exposure limits that major producers follow closely.

Application Area

MPO’s biggest growth has shown up in resins, coatings, and adhesives. Its use stretches from high-performance automotive paints to flexible polyurethane foams. Folks making printing inks lean on MPO for pigment wetting and dispersion that rivals older glycol blends. Electronic encapsulants need low volatility and toughness under thermal cycling—key features MPO delivers. In the textile sector, the push for soft yet durable fibers brought MPO-based polyesters onto the radar. Cosmetic and personal care products rarely include MPO yet, largely because of incomplete tox data, but trials move forward as more safety info accumulates.

Research & Development

Academic and corporate research churns around MPO, chasing better eco-friendly production methods and higher-performance polymers. Projects seek out biotechnological synthesis routes, aiming to cut both emissions and energy demand. These advances don't just stay in the lab—if a new pathway slashes costs, users in plastics and coatings notice quickly and shift procurement. Some of the research zeroes in on copolymer architectures that use MPO for property tuning, showing promise in everything from medical devices to packaging films. Direct collaborations with customers help guide further development and find gaps that need filling.

Toxicity Research

Safety authorities keep a steady eye on MPO because small molecules with two alcohol groups sometimes bring hidden risks. Current studies point to low acute oral and dermal toxicity in standard animal models. MPO can trigger mild skin and eye irritation, especially with repeated or prolonged contact. Chronic exposure studies remain thin, so risk assessors call for caution in food or pharma use until more data piles up. Scientists run bioaccumulation and mutagenicity tests to try and catch long-term hazards before they affect workers or end users. Regulators ask for expanded environmental fate studies, aiming to plug gaps in aquatic toxicity and biodegradability knowledge.

Future Prospects

Prospects for MPO climb as chemical companies and regulators nudge industry toward lower-impact, high-performance materials. Shifting focus to non-fossil feedstocks and greener reaction pathways gives MPO an edge, especially when lifecycle emissions become a top criterion. Markets in the Asia-Pacific region look ready to ramp up as coatings and construction demand grows. Consumer push for longer-lasting, more sustainable products means polymer chemists will keep experimenting with MPO to dial in precise balances of cost, safety, and utility. As bio-derived MPO gets cheaper and as more health studies roll out, it could edge into fields—cosmetics, medical— where traditional diols still dominate today.



What is 2-Methyl-1,3-Propanediol (MPO) used for?

What Makes MPO Unique?

Making things that last and perform well often starts with the right building blocks. One such backbone in manufacturing is 2-Methyl-1,3-Propanediol, better known as MPO. I recall my early days in product testing, remembering how even small tweaks in basic ingredients changed an item’s strength or texture. MPO stood out in several projects as a game-changer, especially in specialty coatings and advanced plastics.

Paving the Way for Durable Plastics

Imagine everyday goods — water bottles, cellphone cases, car interiors. Their hard or flexible shells aren’t just randomly tough or smooth; that’s chemistry with purpose. MPO blends well into the mix of compounds manufacturers use to create polyesters and polyurethanes. Its slightly branched chemical structure gives finished plastics extra flexibility and improved resistance to cracking or yellowing.

I’ve toured factories that rely on MPO for items needing a mix of strength, flexibility, and clarity. Here, workers value raw materials that make products last longer and look better. Products made with MPO often handle sunlight or repeated flexing better than older alternatives. In tech fields, lightweight yet resilient parts rely on such advances, keeping gadgets in one piece during drops or temperature swings.

MPO in Coatings and Adhesives

Tough coatings protect everything from vehicles to floors. MPO helps produce resins for paints and varnishes that stay clear and glossy, even in tough conditions. Contractors who work with floors covered in resin, or auto shops finishing a car’s paint job, know which coatings chip less and keep their shine. MPO-based resins raise the bar in water resistance, scratch protection, and durability.

In the adhesives market, MPO has become a smart choice. Many hot-melt glues and pressure-sensitive tapes include it to improve their tack and life span. In jobs demanding quick repairs or assembly work, I’ve found MPO-derived adhesives bond quickly and hold firm over time — key traits for industries that can’t afford to redo work due to failure.

Safer Choices for Sensitive Applications

Health-conscious customers push for safer products. MPO doesn’t show the same safety worries as similar chemicals like BDO, which can release harmful byproducts. Makers of child toys, food containers, and medical devices keep an eye on regulations about chemical migration and toxicity. MPO brings performance while helping companies meet stricter safety rules.

I’ve consulted for startups in medical manufacturing deciding which plastic resins to use. MPO allows them to pass strict testing for leaching and contamination, calming health agencies and worried parents alike. No material is perfect, but MPO’s track record helps explain why it keeps showing up in new formulas.

Looking Forward: Sustainable Moves

With the world asking tough questions about carbon footprints, MPO’s future rests partly on renewable sourcing. Some labs are working on bio-based MPO, looking to cut the dependence on oil. Chemical supply chains feel the pressure to clean up, and greener MPO shows up on the radar of product engineers focused on life-cycle impacts.

So MPO, once just another chemical, now sits at the heart of safer, tougher, and sometimes more sustainable products. As industries push for better results and less risk, this small molecule keeps earning its place by delivering real-world solutions across plastics, coatings, and adhesives.

What are the physical and chemical properties of MPO?

What Is MPO?

Many know MPO as Myeloperoxidase, an enzyme stored in certain white blood cells. It works on the front lines of the immune system, tapping into hydrogen peroxide to form bleach-like compounds that tackle pathogens. In the lab, this enzyme draws plenty of interest, partly because of its fiery role in inflammation and its unique chemical makeup.

Physical Characteristics Worth Noting

Everyone who’s seen purified MPO recognizes its signature green tint, thanks largely to its iron-rich heme group. MPO dissolves well in water and buffered salt solutions, especially at neutral to slightly acidic pH. Touch the protein at high temperatures or shift the pH too far from neutral and it quickly starts to lose structure. It really hates strong acids or bases—denaturation sets in fast under those conditions.

The enzyme feels sticky under electrophoresis and chromatography because it’s a glycoprotein, covered with sugar chains. These chains account for some of the molecule’s cargo-like appearance and impact how it moves in solutions. Most batches from neutrophils clock in at about 150 kilodaltons, a relatively hefty size among enzymes, and its four-part structure reveals how it packs a punch, with two heavy glycosylated protein chains coupled to two light chains.

Chemical Behavior

MPO roars to life in the presence of peroxide and chloride ions. It doesn’t just float around doing nothing; it produces hypochlorous acid, the same stuff found in household bleach. This reaction matters for both health and disease. Overproduction can damage tissues—an ongoing problem in chronic conditions like cardiovascular disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Studies have pinpointed using MPO’s reaction products as risk markers for heart attacks, drawing a direct line from this chemical action to clinical practice.

The enzyme’s chemistry hinges on its heme iron. This metal center hops through several redox states as the reaction cycles, flipping between ferric, compound I, and compound II forms. Researchers have mapped each step, confirming that MPO’s capability to both oxidize and chlorinate different compounds underlies its biological potency.

Stability and Storage Concerns

Early in my research days, many in the lab puzzled over why MPOf treated samples seemed so unpredictable after a few freeze-thaw cycles. As it turns out, storage can make or break activity. MPO remains stable at –80°C for months, but repeated temperature changes fragment the protein and wipe out activity. Because MPO often binds to proteins and other molecules, blood contamination or improper sample prep can confuse results. Simple mistakes upend the numbers, which makes quality control non-negotiable. Reliable measurement demands fresh buffers, ice-cold storage, and minimal delays.

Challenges and Where This All Matters

Using MPO in a clinical or research setting always brings up a bigger question—how to measure its activity with confidence? Commercial kits present quick solutions, but interference from other proteins, heme compounds, or common antioxidants can skew measurements. Detecting its activity in blood samples gets even trickier during infection or inflammation, with other enzymes muddying the signal. Direct measurement by mass spectrometry or electrochemical sensors is gaining traction, trading speed for sensitivity and specificity. Despite advances, many labs still debate the best standard methods to avoid misleading results.

Better understanding of these physical and chemical properties does more than fill textbooks—it shapes how the medical field diagnoses and tracks inflammatory diseases. It’s about seeing enzymes not just as academic curiosities, but as key players with real impact on health decisions. Careful attention to their quirks and demands pays off for anyone hoping to turn complex chemistry into actionable answers.

Is 2-Methyl-1,3-Propanediol safe to handle and what are the recommended safety precautions?

Getting Straight to What Matters

Most folks will never stumble across 2-Methyl-1,3-Propanediol in their day-to-day life, but if you work in manufacturing, coatings, or chemical labs, you might see this clear, syrupy liquid. It's used in plastics and in making polyesters, so plenty of tech and textile jobs put it to use. It's not a household name, but if you handle raw materials like this, you know small mistakes can lead to big problems.

How Hazardous Is It?

On paper, 2-Methyl-1,3-Propanediol isn’t a chemical that jumps out as scary, but no one should cut corners. The stuff can hurt your eyes and irritate skin, and it’s not something any lungs want to deal with. Based on published safety data, splashes to skin can leave burns if not washed off quickly, and fumes might leave your head spinning or your airways inflamed if you breathe them in too long. The National Center for Biotechnology Information lists mild to moderate health risks if workers don't follow protections. So, treating it like water or hand soap could land you in the emergency room.

Lessons Learned from Real-World Use

I grew up in a town where the local chemical plant drove the economy. My father worked there. He told stories of guys ignoring gloves for a quick fix, then spending the afternoon at the nurse for splashes that left red marks and days of itching. People sometimes ask, “How bad could it be?” A short exposure without protection rarely sends someone to the hospital, but the stories that stick with you come from those who got careless day after day.

Precautions You Can Rely On

If you've got to work with it, start with gloves—nitrile or neoprene, not the thin stuff you find at the grocery store. Eye protection isn’t optional; standard lab goggles work well. For bigger jobs, face shields block those unexpected splashes. Keep the area ventilated—open windows or a proper exhaust hood suck out fumes before they mess with your nose or lungs. Disposable lab coats and closed shoes make a solid barrier between you and chemical spots or drips. You can't depend on splashing cold water on your skin after exposure, but you can remove most worry by covering up in the first place.

Storage and Cleanup—No Shortcuts

Proper storage helps too. Sealed, labeled containers mean less risk for spills, and storing everything on spill trays saves a headache if a container cracks. Clean up any leak right away, but use absorbent pads or sand—never mop with bare hands or a rag you'd throw in a regular laundry load. Disposal always calls for a chat with environmental health or a check of your workplace's methods—never send chemical waste down the drain.

Why Paying Attention Matters

Taking shortcuts with chemical safety never ages well. The upside—companies see fewer lost workdays and injuries when they make safety training a routine. OSHA data shows declining chemical accident rates in shops with regular reminders and upgrades to protective gear. The right safety culture gives workers peace of mind and trust in leadership, both of which matter in building a solid team.

Moving Forward—Responsible Choices

Handling chemicals like 2-Methyl-1,3-Propanediol well isn't just about not getting hurt today. It's about writing a story of respect for your own health and your coworkers'. There are no prizes for being tough or careless—just bigger problems down the line. Being careful with chemicals on the job sets you up to work smarter and go home unharmed, every single shift.

How should MPO be stored and what is its shelf life?

Understanding the Need for Proper MPO Storage

MPO doesn’t get much attention outside of certain industries, but it deserves careful handling. This compound, methylphosphonic oxide, finds itself in applications where mistakes can’t be brushed off as minor errors. I’ve seen too many labs and facilities cut corners with chemical storage, then scramble to explain why there’s a strange odor or powders clumping in containers marked as “stable.” Ignoring the basics invites danger and wastes money.

Setting the Right Storage Environment

MPO prefers a dry, cool space with limited light exposure. It doesn’t handle moisture well; any humidity seeping in will lead to degradation. I recall a case from a partner site — a batch of MPO kept in a storeroom hit by leaky pipes turned into a clumpy, partially decomposed mess. A controlled environment with low humidity stands as a baseline. Keep containers tightly sealed. Glass or high-quality plastic with proper chemical resistance will prevent outside air and water from interfering.

Temperature swings speed up chemical breakdown, especially for organophosphorus compounds. A stable, moderate temperature extends lifetime. If possible, stick close to the lower end of room temperature (about 15-25°C) and far away from heat sources, radiators, or direct sunlight. Excess heat might not trigger something dramatic overnight, but over months, it makes a big difference.

Material Compatibility and Safe Storage Practice

Take care with where and what you store next to MPO. It doesn’t mix well with acids or bases, so group your storage by chemical family. Color-coded shelves or dedicated cabinets cut back on cross-contamination. In my experience, small investments in labeling and storage planning stop accidents before they start. Safety data sheets don’t just fill binders — they spell out compatible materials and emergency actions. Don't toss empty or outdated containers in general waste; follow hazardous material protocols. This isn’t about ticking boxes, it’s about preventing real-world problems.

How Long Does MPO Last? Shelf Life Facts

If kept in a sealed, moisture-free container at a stable room temperature, MPO can hold up for two years or longer. After that, potency starts to drop. Decomposition products can turn a straightforward procedure into a hazardous event. I’ve seen research set back months because people trusted an old stock bottle. Many manufacturers stamp a “best before” date for a reason. Testing old samples before use saves time and keeps people safe. Chemical suppliers often recommend periodic reanalysis for long-term storage, especially if the compound’s role affects research or product quality. Simple checks, like weighing before and after opening, or monitoring for color and odor changes, flag issues early.

Reducing Risks and Building Better Habits

Cutting corners and taking storage for granted brings short-term savings and long-term headaches. Staff training, routine checks, and access control for storage rooms all cut down on mistakes. The basics matter: dry, stable conditions, sealed containers, and clear labeling. It doesn’t all rest on industry standards alone — people in the lab need to look out for each other and point out shortcuts when they see them. Leaning on my own time working with specialty chemicals, a few hours setting up good storage beats months recovering from lost batches, botched experiments, and potential exposures. Financial costs pale alongside the health and safety risks involved with poorly stored chemicals.

What are the typical packaging options and minimum order quantities for MPO?

Understanding MPO Packaging

Orders for MPO rarely arrive in a one-size-fits-all solution. Far from it. Most suppliers offer MPO in several forms, shaped by both storage logistics and customer preferences. The most widespread packaging I see for MPO—Mono Potassium Oxalate—usually falls into three categories: plastic drums, fiber drums, and sealed polyethylene bags. Each style offers benefits and setbacks, and most buyers quickly learn which works in their context.

Plastic drums, typically ranging from 25 kg up to 50 kg, rule the roost for large factories. These drums handle rough rides during transit and stand up well against humidity. Smaller labs often lean toward fiber drums, which start at about 10 kg and rarely go beyond 25 kg any more. Fiber drums promise decent protection but cost less than plastic, though they won’t forgive heavy handling or rain exposure. Polyethylene bags, sealed within cardboard cartons, often handle sample-size or research-scale orders—say, 1 kg to 5 kg. They suit clean rooms or short-term research, especially where every gram counts.

Minimum Order Quantities: What Buyers Face

Anyone sourcing MPO at scale bumps into minimum order quantities (MOQs) right away. Most suppliers set their floor at 25 kg or 50 kg, driven by shipping economics and production runs. Busy processors selling to food or chemical firms want regular, big-lot shipments that scale to truckloads. Smaller players—startups and R&D teams—struggle to find suppliers who ship less than 10 kg, since handling tiny orders means more paperwork, not more profit.

Some distributors specialize in smaller pack sizes, often at a noticeable markup. Here, customer service often pays off; buyers track down partners willing to repack bulk product into lab-ready bottles, even half-kilo packs. This repackaging raises costs by 20% or even 30%, but some budgets absorb that because precise dosing or pilot projects come first. I remember a pilot run I worked on where we split a 25-kg drum into fifty half-kilo packets, burning half a day and plenty of patience just to run studies without wasting material.

Cost and Quality: Factors in Packaging Choice

Packaging does more than protect the goods—it shapes the total cost. Bulk drums shrink shipping costs by weight, while small bags or bottles ramp up price-per-kilo. Buyers need to balance shelf life and storage: moisture leaks or cross-contamination can chew through cost savings in a heartbeat. From my hands-on work in food labs, drum seals and freshness become non-negotiable—a moisture breach could taint an entire run, costing thousands in lost time.

Some global suppliers comply with ISO standards, using tamper-evident seals and guaranteeing batch traceability. This peace of mind isn’t just for quality audits: it stops headaches like product recalls or rejected batches. Savvy buyers ask for certificates of analysis before shelling out for larger quantities, especially when tight specs matter for pharmaceuticals or food process engineering.

Moving Beyond the Basics: Smarter Options

The industry now explores better ways to serve customers of all stripes. Regional distribution hubs slash wait times for medium orders. Tech-driven inventory platforms offer pooled buying, letting small buyers piggyback on larger shipments to cut costs. Meanwhile, some call for biodegradable packaging, hoping to limit waste downstream. These efforts reflect a push toward greater transparency and smarter logistics—both essentials for anyone working with MPO, whether running a full-scale production line or chasing a new research breakthrough.

2-Methyl-1,3-Propanediol(MPO)
Names
Preferred IUPAC name 2-methylpropane-1,3-diol
Other names 2-Methyl-1,3-diol
Methylpropanediol
2-Methylpropan-1,3-diol
MP Diol Glycol
MPG Diol
MP diol
Trimethylene glycol, 2-methyl-
1,3-Propanediol, 2-methyl-
Pronunciation /tuː ˈmɛθəl waɪ ˈθriː proʊˈpeɪn.daɪˌɒl/
Identifiers
CAS Number 2163-42-0
Beilstein Reference 1361847
ChEBI CHEBI:16610
ChEMBL CHEMBL165765
ChemSpider 55382
DrugBank DB02268
ECHA InfoCard 03a6b097-3971-4c7d-b774-bf174da3f6ad
EC Number 216-455-5
Gmelin Reference 78675
KEGG C02336
MeSH D000352
PubChem CID 7813
RTECS number UU4025000
UNII IO5X927IYK
UN number NA1993
Properties
Chemical formula C4H10O2
Molar mass 90.12 g/mol
Appearance Colorless liquid
Odor Odorless
Density 1.006 g/cm3 (25°C)
Solubility in water Miscible
log P -0.92
Vapor pressure 0.01 mmHg (20°C)
Acidity (pKa) 14.40
Basicity (pKb) 0.88
Refractive index (nD) 1.440
Viscosity 35 mPa·s (25 °C)
Dipole moment 2.67 D
Thermochemistry
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) 220.51 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) -489.5 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) -3734 kJ/mol
Pharmacology
ATC code ''
Hazards
GHS labelling **"GHS07, Warning, H319, P264, P280, P305+P351+P338, P337+P313"**
Pictograms GHS07
Signal word Warning
Hazard statements H315, H319
Precautionary statements P264, P280, P305+P351+P338, P337+P313
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) 1-1-0
Flash point 138°C
Autoignition temperature Autoignition temperature: 383°C
Lethal dose or concentration LD50 Oral Rat 6500 mg/kg
LD50 (median dose) LD50 (median dose): Oral rat LD50: 7,000 mg/kg
NIOSH Not established
PEL (Permissible) Not established
REL (Recommended) 10 mg/m³
Related compounds
Related compounds 1,3-Propanediol
2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol
Neopentyl glycol
Ethylene glycol
Propylene glycol