Cyclohexylamine carries a history that traces back to the early twentieth century. Its roots are tied to a period when chemical industries sought amines that could deliver more potent and stable alternatives to ammonia and primary amines. Early applications circled around oil refineries and rubber manufacturing, where chemists needed substances capable of neutralizing acids and acting as intermediates for rubber accelerators. Over decades, its flexibility attracted attention from scientists hoping to craft new products for multiple sectors, including pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Big chemical corporations in the 1940s and 1950s accelerated both the production and practical uses, helping cyclohexylamine move from obscure specialty chemical to a key ingredient in synthetic processes and industrial formulations still valued today.
Cyclohexylamine stands as a colorless organic liquid with a pungent, ammonia-like smell. Its practical appeal stretches across manufacturing and water treatment, turning up most often as a corrosion inhibitor, a building block for synthetic sweeteners like cyclamate, and a hardener for epoxy resins. With its molecular formula C6H11NH2, it lets producers extend their reach by making more refined, cost-effective goods on an industrial scale. Industries outside heavy chemicals, like food processing, pulp and paper, and pharmaceuticals, tap into its strengths thanks to reliable supply chains and versatile reactivity.
This compound brings certain unmistakable traits. At room temperature, cyclohexylamine sports a boiling point of around 134°C and a melting point below zero, making it easy to handle in liquid form during large-batch reactions. Water solubility and miscibility with common organic solvents add to its practical toolkit. The compound reacts strongly with acids, letting it neutralize corrosive gases in power generation, but also demands careful handling due to its flammability and volatility. Storing it in cool, well-ventilated spaces keeps fire risk in check, and chemical stability hovers at acceptable levels unless stored with strong oxidizing agents.
Manufacturers mark cyclohexylamine for purity, usually exceeding 99% for industrial batches, along with density, pH range, refractive index, and levels of trace impurities such as cyclohexanol or water content. Labels often feature hazard symbols tied to toxicity, flammability, and environmental hazards, along with UN transport codes and precautionary advice according to GHS standards. Producers track batch numbers for traceability, making recalls or quality checks easier whenever incidents arise. Shelf life stays stable for at least a year under sealed conditions.
Most cyclohexylamine comes from the catalytic hydrogenation of aniline, using nickel or cobalt catalysts at elevated temperatures and pressure. Some advanced manufacturers look to alternative routes, like the amination of cyclohexanol or reduction of nitrocyclohexane, though economics usually keep hydrogenation front and center. Process control engineers monitor conditions closely to maximize yields, cut waste, and minimize side products, especially since even trace contaminants can disrupt downstream applications like food-grade additives or pharmaceutical intermediates.
This amine steps into a slew of reactions, ranging from acylation, alkylation, and sulfonation to classic condensation with carbonyls. In the lab, chemists leverage its nucleophilicity to stitch together new bonds, often for more complex molecules. Manufacturers modify cyclohexylamine to create ureas, sulfonamides, and salt derivatives for use as corrosion inhibitors in steam lines, or break it down further to feed other value-added syntheses like the production of cyclamate sweeteners. The same properties that make it a strong base in water also spur quick reactions with acid halides, giving rise to tailored products needed across industries.
Cyclohexylamine answers to a handful of other names in the global marketplace: Aminocyclohexane, Hexahydroaniline, Perhydroaniline, and CHA. Regulatory or commercial documents might use EINECS number 203-629-0 or UN number 2357 for transport. Synonyms matter to shippers and customs agents, ensuring containers don’t get delayed for simple paperwork errors. Brand-specific names occasionally pop up where large multinationals sell mixtures or blends, but the underlying molecule doesn’t change.
Handling cyclohexylamine means keeping an eye on strict standards. Direct contact can irritate skin and eyes or trigger respiratory symptoms. Exposure limits set by regulatory bodies like OSHA or NIOSH guide plant managers to provide adequate ventilation and splash-proof protective gear. Emergency plans must include eyewash stations, fire extinguishers, and protocols for leaks, since vapors can form explosive mixtures with air. Training sessions show workers not just how to handle the substance, but why following procedures saves lives—a truth reinforced every time an incident makes headlines.
The power sector pulls in cyclohexylamine to protect boilers and piping from corrosion, while water treatment plants use it to neutralize carbon dioxide and keep alkaline levels steady. Rubber factories rely on it for vulcanization accelerators, and the same amine’s role in pharmaceuticals and sweetener synthesis puts it on the radar of strict regulators. Cleaning product formulas sometimes use it in specialty surfactants. Every application brings its own regulatory hoops to jump through, especially near food or drug supply chains. Chemical engineers tweak process recipes depending on end-use, often with help from product stewardship specialists who clear regulatory hurdles.
Research teams keep exploring new catalysts or greener processes to reduce emissions and energy use during cyclohexylamine synthesis. Some university labs design pathways that slash waste or substitute rare minerals in catalysts, easing pressure on supply chains. Downstream, product developers look for ways to extend the amine’s use, whether by combining it with emerging inhibitors for pipework in new energy infrastructure or crafting derivatives for drug companies chasing novel patents. R&D dollars also flow to safety improvements, smarter sensors, and real-time leak detection in production plants, echoing the drive for incident-free records and lower insurance costs.
Cyclohexylamine’s toxicity profile caused regulatory agencies to scrutinize its use near foods decades ago. Animal studies flagged possible blood pressure effects and impacts on liver and kidney function at high levels. Chronic workplace exposure links to skin and eye irritation and headaches, though typical industrial concentrations keep average exposure below acute risk levels. Food safety authorities in the US and Europe imposed strict caps on allowable residues in sweeteners, mostly out of concerns surrounding its metabolite, cyclamate. Ongoing studies chase down lingering uncertainties, like impacts on aquatic life or low-dose chronic exposure effects, all fed into updated risk assessments reshaping permissible workplace standards.
Cyclohexylamine faces push and pull from regulators and market forces. Stricter environmental policies promise to raise the bar on permissible emissions and worker exposure. Green chemistry gains ground every year, with investors and R&D teams looking for process tweaks that cut waste and energy inputs. Digital tools for process control let manufacturers hit tighter specs, cut hazardous releases, and boost product value. Demand from Asian power markets and pharmaceutical supply chains remains steady, while the hunt for next-generation corrosion inhibitors spurs new derivative research. If sustainable synthesis pathways break into the mainstream, cyclohexylamine could lock in relevance for another century, especially with producers tuned into safety and environmental demands from regulators and communities alike.
Cyclohexylamine might sound like something that belongs in a complex science textbook, but the truth is, its story reaches a lot closer to daily life than many folks realize. Anyone who has ever sipped from a can of soda, stepped onto a factory floor, or worked in a chemical plant might be brushing up against the influence of this colorless liquid.
At its core, cyclohexylamine acts as a building block. In the chemical world, that means it shapes bigger, more recognizable things. Factories use it to turn raw materials into sweeteners, oil additives, and even drugs. Cyclamate, a common artificial sweetener, owes a lot to cyclohexylamine. For decades, people have tasted sweetness in their drinks, desserts, and processed foods thanks in part to this amine. Germany still approves cyclamates, for instance, so anyone traveling or living there might find cyclohexylamine’s footprint on their grocery shelf.
Working in industry highlights its safety factor as well. Cyclohexylamine acts as a corrosion inhibitor in boilers and pipelines. It helps cut down rust and scaling in large power plant systems and municipal water setups. There’s practical value here: fewer breakdowns, better efficiency, and, most important, safer water for communities. Over time, I’ve watched maintenance costs drop once companies introduced proper inhibitors. The workers had less downtime and spent more time actually running machines, not patching them up.
The flip side of wide use means dealing with some risks. Cyclohexylamine fumes can irritate the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract, so factory workers keep protective gear close at hand. Regulations require proper air filtration and tight storage to prevent spills. While safety rules add steps, they’ve kept a lot of people healthy—including friends of mine who have worked for two decades in chemical warehouses.
Disposal isn’t something to ignore; like a lot of amines, improper disposal can threaten water sources. Responsible plants rely on established waste protocols for collection, treatment, and incineration. Releasing cyclohexylamine straight into rivers would harm aquatic life and pose real public health risks. Instead, firms that invest in quality waste systems—effluent monitoring, sealed transport, recycling—keep environmental regulators satisfied and avoid heavy fines.
Looking ahead, opportunities exist to design safer derivatives and adopt greener technology. Companies now explore alternatives in industrial water treatment, looking for amines that break down faster and pose less risk if leaks occur. Engineers tweak process equipment to catch any vapors before they escape. Some research points to biodegradable additives that promise the same corrosion-fighting punch, just without the environmental baggage.
Tighter oversight from health agencies keeps manufacturers honest. The drive for transparency—labeling ingredients, tracking exposure, and reporting on toxicity—pushes the whole industry forward. When suppliers and end users share responsibility, from production line to finished product, the story of cyclohexylamine becomes one of progress and accountability, not just chemistry.
News about chemical safety pops up all the time, but not many folks have heard of cyclohexylamine. Sitting on a shelf, this colorless liquid might look harmless. In reality, it deserves respect and proper handling. Chemists often use it in things like rubber processing and corrosion inhibitors, where people don’t always see what goes on behind the scenes.
Cyclohexylamine definitely raises some eyebrows among those who spend time in laboratories or factories. Direct contact can cause burns, irritation, and sometimes even trigger breathing problems. It gives off a strong, fish-like smell and tends to get into the air, especially if spilled or not tightly closed. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) sets strict limits for workplace exposure. OSHA caps safe air concentrations at 10 parts per million over an eight-hour shift. That suggests long-term or repeated exposure pushes risk high enough to draw a line.
In my own time working in a lab years ago, the training drilled into us this basic truth: even a few drops of cyclohexylamine feels nasty on bare skin. Eyes, lungs, open wounds—none of them appreciate it. Workers experienced headaches, dizziness, and throat-burning when ventilation got poor on humid summer afternoons. None of that was a mystery. The safety data sheets and the warning signs don’t leave much up for debate.
Once cyclohexylamine ends up in water or soil, it doesn’t stick around for ages. Microbes break it down. Yet, at the wrong concentration, it still hurts fish and insects. More than once, improper disposal led to fish kills near plants that dealt with rubber or plastics. Regulatory agencies caught on, and tighter rules followed.
As for human health, eating or directly ingesting cyclohexylamine isn’t something most folks ever face—but high enough amounts bring on nausea, vomiting, and convulsions. Chronic low-level exposure sits closer to workplace concern: liver and kidney effects showed up in animal testing, pushing agencies like the EPA and the EU to flag cyclohexylamine as a small but real occupational risk.
Pretending chemicals never leave their containers doesn’t help anyone. Regular air monitoring, stronger gloves, splash-proof goggles, and, most important, good ventilation protect people where cyclohexylamine shows up. On top of those basics, companies started using closed systems and automated dispensing units, which mean workers spend less time in direct contact.
Regulators keep pushing for transparent labeling and clear spill protocols. Anyone handling cyclohexylamine receives hazard training and is encouraged to speak up about uncomfortable symptoms. Industry and safety bodies require companies to report leaks and overexposures promptly. Communities living near industrial plants now have the right to know what chemicals show up and how they’re managed.
For those outside the chemical industry: cyclohexylamine rarely enters the home or school environment. The biggest victories come from awareness and good safeguards, not banning every risky ingredient outright. Workers, employers, and regulators all play a role, but what sticks with me is this: knowledge, simple precautions, and respect for the hazards protect us as much as any shiny piece of safety gear.
I’ve spent time around chemical plants, and the stories aren’t always pretty when it comes to storing things like cyclohexylamine. This is a chemical that won’t quietly mind its own business. It’s colorless, but strong enough to clear a room with its smell. That odor comes from its volatility and amine character—which means one careless mistake can turn into a serious emergency. Real-world practices reflect a clear focus on safety, not just basic compliance.
I recall a situation where improper ventilation in a storage area led to a lingering odor problem so bad, people reported headaches and eye irritation. Cyclohexylamine evaporates easily at room temperature, filling tight spaces with fumes. The storage area needs reliable mechanical ventilation. This goes beyond just opening a window. Chemical-resistant exhaust fans clear vapor before it can accumulate and become a health risk, especially since inhalation exposure brings on symptoms in a hurry. Keeping the workspace breathing stops emergency calls before they happen.
Polyethylene and painted steel drums are often used, but stories of corroded lids are common among people handling cyclohexylamine long-term. Moisture in the air mixes with cyclohexylamine and eats through some metals, so plain carbon steel is out. Stainless steel or high-density polyethylene containers provide better protection. It’s also crucial to use tight-sealing containers. A slow leak might go unnoticed until someone gets a whiff and the fire marshal comes asking questions.
This chemical flashes at around 28°C (82°F), which falls into the range of a warm summer day inside a poorly controlled warehouse. Overheated storage turns cyclohexylamine fumes into a fire hazard. In practice, storage well below its flash point reduces this risk. Shade, air conditioning, even basic insulation keep temperatures steady. Flammable storage cabinets rated for Class IB liquids help. Anything with a pilot light or open flame should have no business near this stuff.
Accidents happen when incompatible chemicals end up beside each other. Cyclohexylamine reacts with oxidizers and acids. I saw what happened after a misplaced bleach bottle dripped onto a nearby container: rapid chemical reaction, a cloud of vapors, and a scramble for emergency protocols. Clear labeling and dedicated floors or sections for amines save a lot of trouble. Good fences—and storage barriers—make good neighbors in a warehouse.
Packing goggles, chemical-resistant gloves, and proper aprons is just the baseline. No one walks into a storage area for cyclohexylamine without these. Spill kits with absorbent pads and neutralizers need to be close by. Quick response keeps small leaks from turning into full-scale incidents. Experience tells me it’s never just about having the gear, but knowing exactly where it is when something goes wrong.
Every broken drum, every rusty patch, every unexplained puddle in a storage area has its own story. Logging storage conditions, inspecting containers for wear, checking for expiration dates—these don’t just satisfy safety audits; they catch problems before they demand expensive responses. Training employees to spot hazards and call out missing labels or corroded lids helps keep storage areas safer, day in and day out.
Cyclohexylamine storage relies on practical planning, not just following a checklist. From solid ventilation and temperature control to strong containers and quick spill response, these steps all work together to keep people healthy and businesses running smoothly. The details matter, and over time, the right approach pays off with fewer slips, trips, and hazardous surprises.
Working with chemicals often feels like walking through a maze—one wrong turn, and trouble shows up quickly. Cyclohexylamine may sound technical, but at the end of the day, it’s just another tool in many shops and labs. It shows up in water treatment, rubber production, and even as a chemical intermediate, so real people handle it every day. If you take the risks seriously, you can keep yourself and everyone else around safe.
Every time I see someone handling chemicals without proper gloves or eye protection, I remember how easily accidents happen. Cyclohexylamine is a good example—vapors can burn your eyes and skin, and getting careless about gloves leads straight to emergency showers. Nitrile gloves and chemical splash goggles form a solid base for protection. Closed shoes and a long-sleeved lab coat keep splashes from becoming real injuries.
Anyone who’s worked in an older lab knows the sting of poor ventilation. Cyclohexylamine puts out vapors that quickly fill up a small space, so a fume hood isn’t just a preference—it’s the only right call. In my experience, a well-functioning fume hood saves headaches—and probably a lot more. For storage, sealed containers reduce spills and vapor leaks. Keeping it in a fire-resistant cabinet, away from oxidizers or acids, makes a difference you notice only when life happens and bottles tip over.
Sometimes, shortcuts lead to a disaster no one saw coming. I’ve watched new team members rush through chemical transfers without knowing proper procedures, and it never ends well. Running everyone through a basic training—how to use safety showers, eye wash stations, and spill kits—builds muscle memory. Signs and labels shouldn’t gather dust; they spell out real hazards. Cyclohexylamine has a low boiling point, so a spill can turn into a cloud fast. Quick, confident action starts with training.
Planning for an emergency sounds boring, right up until alarms start blaring. Having a spill kit with absorbent pads, neutralizers, and a plan for disposal can turn a scary moment into just another workday. There’s no substitute for knowing what to do when someone gets exposed—water for rinsing and medical help on speed dial go a long way. I once watched a team handle a splash to the face calmly and correctly just because everyone had run through drills a month earlier.
It’s tempting to treat paperwork as a chore. Still, keeping up-to-date Safety Data Sheets nearby means you don't waste time looking up first-aid steps at the worst possible moment. Reporting small spills and near-misses helps teams improve their practices over time. Good records also force you to double-check that everyone is following guidelines, not winging it.
Safe handling of cyclohexylamine isn’t just about ticking boxes. It’s about making safety a habit. Constant reminders, refreshing training, and open communication build a team that truly protects itself. The best labs and shops I’ve seen don’t put safety in a binder; they pass it along in conversation, on labels, and in how they look out for each other every shift.
References:Cyclohexylamine has a simple formula: C6H11NH2. Its structure tells a deeper story than just numbers and letters. You’ve got a six-carbon cyclohexane ring with an amine group replacing one hydrogen. That twist from pure hydrocarbon to amine shapes how you find cyclohexylamine in everything from water treatment plants to pharmaceuticals.
Whenever I talk with college chemistry students, many think chemical formulas exist for exams, not for real life. Then they’re surprised to learn that cyclohexylamine helps prevent corrosion in steam systems. Its ability to neutralize acids and stay volatile might not sound exciting, but it keeps city boilers running year after year. According to the CDC, cyclohexylamine’s chemistry also explains why personal protective equipment matters when handling it—it’s both corrosive and easily absorbed through the skin.
The amine group (NH2) makes cyclohexylamine a strong base, ready to pick up stray protons. That’s why industries value it—cleaning up acids or causing a reaction where a pure hydrocarbon would sit quietly. Industrial chemists make use of cyclohexylamine for rubber accelerators, pesticides, and as a corrosion inhibitor. Among developed countries, water utility reports track just how much ends up in runoff. Too much, and the chemical’s toxicity shows up in fish and soil.
I’ve walked through water plants where the sharp smell of amines lingers during maintenance. That scent is a reminder that every chemical choice carries weight. Data from the EPA keeps showing that improper handling leads to workplace injuries each year. In small doses, cyclohexylamine makes life easier; a spill, and it becomes a real headache for clean-up crews and neighbors.
We know more now about the effects on health and the environment than we did decades ago. Manufacturers and engineers turn to safety data sheets and updated best practices, not just the formula, when working with cyclohexylamine. Closed-system transfer, scrubbers for exhaust, and regular training cut down on mistakes. Still, a good formula does some heavy lifting—it gives you all the information needed about reactivity and potential byproducts.
Developing new and safer corrosion inhibitors that break down faster and don’t persist in water could create better options. In the meantime, sticking to safety protocols and understanding the basic chemistry bridges the gap between risk and benefit.
It's easy to look at “C6H11NH2” and move on. Once you connect that formula to real-world uses, personal health, and the quality of drinking water, the numbers mean a lot more. Every formula tells a story—sometimes quiet, sometimes urgent—about the choices we make with chemicals every day.
Names | |
Preferred IUPAC name | Cyclohexanamine |
Other names |
Aminocyclohexane
Hexahydroaniline Cyclohexanamine |
Pronunciation | /saɪ.kloʊˈhɛk.sɪl.əˌmiːn/ |
Identifiers | |
CAS Number | 108-91-8 |
Beilstein Reference | 1209246 |
ChEBI | CHEBI:15688 |
ChEMBL | CHEMBL1166 |
ChemSpider | 7236 |
DrugBank | DB06717 |
ECHA InfoCard | 03e2e3ed-8d0f-44e5-9486-c1833c404c3b |
EC Number | 205-411-0 |
Gmelin Reference | 61627 |
KEGG | C00570 |
MeSH | D003470 |
PubChem CID | 8079 |
RTECS number | GR9700000 |
UNII | 90T1TSP43A |
UN number | UN2357 |
Properties | |
Chemical formula | C6H13N |
Molar mass | 99.18 g/mol |
Appearance | Colorless to yellowish liquid with a strong, fishy odor |
Odor | Fishy odor |
Density | 0.867 g/mL at 25 °C |
Solubility in water | miscible |
log P | 1.96 |
Vapor pressure | 7 mmHg (20°C) |
Acidity (pKa) | 10.7 |
Basicity (pKb) | 3.23 |
Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -6.44e-6 |
Refractive index (nD) | 1.458 |
Viscosity | 2.37 mPa·s (at 25 °C) |
Dipole moment | 1.43 D |
Thermochemistry | |
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 204.8 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | -91.6 kJ/mol |
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -4186 kJ·mol⁻¹ |
Pharmacology | |
ATC code | C01DX14 |
Hazards | |
GHS labelling | GHS02, GHS05, GHS06, GHS07 |
Pictograms | GHS05,GHS06 |
Signal word | Danger |
Hazard statements | H302, H311, H314, H332 |
Precautionary statements | P210, P260, P264, P273, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P311, P321, P330, P362+P364, P405, P501 |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 3-3-0-AIR |
Flash point | 35 °C |
Autoignition temperature | 293°C |
Explosive limits | 1.1–10.4% |
Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 oral rat 208 mg/kg |
LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose): 0.43 g/kg (oral, rat) |
NIOSH | KOC9885 |
PEL (Permissible) | 10 ppm |
IDLH (Immediate danger) | 1,400 ppm |